Amazon

Speed Intent, Amazon Delivery Experience (DEX)

Software Development Engineer

Adobe

Ad Cloud Data Systems

- Led the migration of Hive and Presto jobs from Qubole to AWS EMR, enhancing availability and significantly reducing operational costs.
- Reduced the cost involved in running custom reports service by more than 80% by devising an automated system that identified and disabled reports with no usage or empty data.
- Worked on migrating some of the existing Amazon SWF workflows to Argo. 
- Led a cost-saving initiative by identifying unused AWS resources and establishing S3 bucket expiration policies, leading to an annual cost reduction exceeding $50,000 in AWS expenditures.

Technologies: AWS, EC2, S3, EMR, Hive, Presto, Qubole, Kafka, Druid, Zookeeper, MySQL, Kubernetes, Docker, Bazel

Computer Scientist

Worked in Amazon's A9 org
Search Science and AI

- Worked on migrating ML workflows to Native AWS, enabling automated scalability based on workload demands. This also improved the logging and troubleshooting capabilities.
- Developed a customized batch workflow plugin for an external team to help them reduce human labelling cost of their experiments and datasets. This was achieved by auto labelling high confidence records using our ML models.
- Developed an API service that empowered external teams to access predictions and data analysis on their datasets using our ML models. This service allowed users to submit jobs, triggering multi-task batch workflows that encompassed feature generation, model predictions, and in-depth analysis.
- Worked on automating dataset creation and GBDT model training process to reduce the manual effort involved in training new ML models.
- Trained GBDT and NLP Transformer classifier models for different marketplaces to improve the search relevance score.

Technologies Used: 
AWS Step Functions, AWS Batch, Lambda, S3, DynamoDB, EC2, SQS, SNS, AWS CDK, AWS Athena, Elastic Search
Machine Learning Frameworks: LightGBM, TensorFlow
Languages: Java, Python, TypeScript

Scaler Academy

Helped students/professionals prepare for tech interviews

Mentor

Morgan Stanley

- Built a visualization tool to group contextually related infrastructure alerts (issues) to reduce the Mean Time to Resolution. Modeled the infrastructure dependencies as a graph problem and used graph algorithms like BFS, Union-Find to show the visualization and identify the root cause for a bunch of alerts.
- Developed a Machine Learning powered solution to predict the likelihood of a production deployment resulting in an emergency reversion.

Technologies Used:
Front-end Development: ReactJS, Redux, Angular, d3
Back-end Development: Python, Flask
Data Streaming: Kafka
Databases: DB2
Machine Learning: scikit-learn

Technology Associate

Google Summer of Code

Added support for Netflix’s VMAF repository inside FFmpeg by first converting VMAF into a library making it callable from any C / C++ program and then developing a video filter in FFmpeg that can run VMAF and output vmaf score for two video files.

Video Multi-Method Assessment Fusion (VMAF) (https://github.com/Netflix/vmaf) is an algorithm that predicts the subjective quality of a video compared to a reference by combining multiple elementary metrics using SVM Algorithm.

FFmpeg (https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg) is a collection of libraries and tools to process multimedia content such as audio, video, subtitles and related metadata.

Student Developer at FFmpeg

Symantec

Designed and developed a cross-platform mobile app for both website domain owners and providers to help them set reminders about the expiry date of the TLS/SSL certificate(s).

Used PhoneGap framework (Apache Cordova), Java, JavaScript, IntelliJ.

Intern

SDE2 at Amazon | Ex - Adobe, Morgan Stanley | GSoC17 | BITS

Hi there! 👋 I'm Ashish.

I'm a software engineer with over 6 years of experience, currently working at Amazon in USA as a SDE2.
I have experience working in Backend, Big Data, Machine Learning and Full Stack Development.

During my Software Engineering career, I have worked with multiple programming languages, libraries, frameworks and technologies such as Java, Python, TypeScript, React, Kafka, Kubernetes and AWS. 

I earned my B.E. in Computer Science back in 2017 and recently completed 10 years as a programmer. 
During the last semester of college, I participated in Google Summer of Code (GSoC) where I contributed to few open-source projects: FFMpeg and Netflix's VMAF library.

My interests range from distributed systems, big data to AI, and I'm always eager to explore new technological horizons.

On a personal level, I'm passionate about self-improvement and personal growth.
I believe that we can always learn and grow, both professionally and personally. 
I love reading books 📗 and listening to podcasts 🎙️
I actively create content on LinkedIn, X and Youtube to help others make a career in tech.

Checkout my newsletter for simple explanations of coding and system design concepts: https://newsletter.ashishps.com/
Checkout my Github repositories to prepare for tech interviews: https://github.com/ashishps1

I hope you have a lovely day!

DISCLAIMER: All opinions shared by me are my own and don't express views or opinions of my employer.

I Solved 1583 Leetcode Problems.

But, if you want to get the job done in less than 300 problems, read these 15 articles:

1) 𝐁𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐭: https://lnkd.in/gXQux4zj

2) 𝐀𝐥𝐥 𝐭𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐬: https://lnkd.in/gKja_D5H

3) 𝐁𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧: https://lnkd.in/gQiasy8H

4) 𝐀 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐨 𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: https://lnkd.in/gVkQX5vA

5) 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧: https://lnkd.in/gkNvEi8j

6) 10-𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐓𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 '𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠' 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐬: https://lnkd.in/giASrwds

7) 𝐒𝐥𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐰 𝐓𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞: https://lnkd.in/gjatQ5pK

8) 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐏𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬: https://lnkd.in/gBfWgHYe

9) 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐔𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐁𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐓𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞: https://lnkd.in/gKEm_qUK

10) 𝐓𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐬: https://lnkd.in/gdYahWVN

11) 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐲 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬: https://lnkd.in/gw8CgMkC

12) 𝐀𝐥𝐥 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐁𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: https://lnkd.in/gXzegWuU

13) 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬: https://lnkd.in/gKE6w7Jb

14) 𝐃𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬: https://lnkd.in/gbpRU46g

15) 14 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐀𝐜𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐐𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: https://lnkd.in/gMZJVkFf

Repost to help others in your network ♻️

Join 6100+ readers of my free newsletter to master coding and system design using simple explanations and visuals: https://lnkd.in/dXtb8SwU

Ashish Pratap Singh

My Google interview experience and how I prepared for it:

Google recruiter reached out to me on LinkedIn.

Role - L4 Software Engineer
Location - Bangalore, India

I asked for 1 month of preparation time.

🎲 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐑𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐬:
- 2 Phone Screens.
- 3 Coding Rounds.
- 1 Googlyness Round.

All rounds were 45 mins.

🎢 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐁𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐝𝐨𝐰𝐧:

𝐏𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 1:
- A binary search problem of medium difficulty with a hard follow-up.
- I answered the first but struggled to answer the second.

This round didn't go that well but the recruiter gave me another chance with a 2nd phone screen round.

𝐏𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 2:
- 2 medium difficulty array and sliding window problems. Second was a variant of the first.
- Gave an optimal solution and proved why my solution will work.
- This round went very well.

Few days later, the recruiter informed me that I have cleared the phone screen.

2 week later, Virtual onsite rounds were scheduled.

𝐂𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 1:
- A linked list design problem with multiple edge cases.
- Medium difficulty, but could feel hard due to edge cases.
- Went well but missed one of the edge cases.

𝐂𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 2:
- A design problem involving heavy use of Hash table and BST.
- Medium difficulty leaning towards hard.
- Knowing HashMap and TreeMap methods in Java really helped.
- This was my best round.

𝐂𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 3:
- A sorting-based counting problem of medium difficulty.
- Optimized time complexity from O(nlogn) to O(n) using extra space.
- This round went well.

𝐆𝐨𝐨𝐠𝐥𝐲𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝:
- I was asked multiple behavioral and leadership based questions.
- I prepared commonly asked questions and examples from my experience few days before this round and that really helped.

🎯 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭:
Overall, my interviews went well and I was expecting good result.

Few weeks later, I was informed that my interview feedback is positive but Google introduced hiring freeze around the same time and my process was paused.

But I wasn’t disappointed since around the same time, I received an offer to work at Amazon in the US. 🛫

🧑‍💻 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐈 𝐰𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
- Brushed up on Java syntax and collection libraries.
- Reviewed common data structures using William Fiset's Data Structure playlist on Youtube.
- Solved 10-15 most liked questions from each topic on LeetCode.
- Solved most of the Google's last 6 months questions.
- Gave few mock interviews on Pramp.

 ✅ 𝐓𝐢𝐩𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐆𝐨𝐨𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐬:
- Google doesn't always ask difficult questions. Most of my questions were medium difficulty.
- Google often asks open-ended questions. Ask for clarification.
- Aim to get the correct solution first, then focus on optimization.
- Make sure to communicate well and explain your thought process.
- Don't start coding until you're clear about what to write.
- Write clean code and cover edge cases.

A Good List of Tech Articles to Read this Week:

1) How to Answer a System Design Interview Problem: https://lnkd.in/gkhnZU77
Author: Ashish Pratap Singh

2) How Amazon S3 Achieves 99.999999999% Durability: https://lnkd.in/g3s9Nif7
Author: Neo Kim

3) Build your own Chess Game: https://lnkd.in/gp8fcW8F
Author: John Crickett

4) How to Self-Manage Even if You Have a Manager: https://lnkd.in/gBM4Gq9F
Author: Irina Stanescu

5) 3 software development principles I wish I knew earlier in my career: https://lnkd.in/gWfNVmAN
Author: Petar Ivanov

6) How LinkedIn Uses Caching to Serve 5M Profile Reads/Sec: https://lnkd.in/gwnJdXvT
Author: Saurabh Dashora

7) How to Use Your Mentor Effectively: https://lnkd.in/ghngmhkm
Author: Raviraj Achar

Also, checkout Alexandre Zajac's "Hungry Minds" for curated list of tech articles every week: https://lnkd.in/gzYPd63r

SDE-2 @Amazon | Author of "Dev Design Digest" newsletter | YouTuber(45k+)

How does Amazon S3 achieve 99.999999999% durability?

How can I self-manage even if I have a manager?

A Good List of Tech Articles to Read this Week:

1) How to Answer a System Design Interview Problem: https://lnkd.in/gkhnZU77
Author: Ashish Pratap Singh

2) How Amazon S3 Achieves 99.999999999% Durability: https://lnkd.in/g3s9Nif7
Author: Neo K.

3) Build your own Chess Game: https://lnkd.in/gp8fcW8F
Author: John Crickett

4) How to Self-Manage Even if You Have a Manager: https://lnkd.in/gBM4Gq9F
Author: Irina Stanescu

5) 3 software development principles I wish I knew earlier in my career: https://lnkd.in/gWfNVmAN
Author: Petar Ivanov

6) How LinkedIn Uses Caching to Serve 5M Profile Reads/Sec: https://lnkd.in/gwnJdXvT
Author: Saurabh Dashora

7) How to Use Your Mentor Effectively: https://lnkd.in/ghngmhkm
Author: Raviraj Achar

Also, checkout Alexandre Zajac's "Hungry Minds" for curated list of tech articles every week: https://lnkd.in/gzYPd63r

I wrote a detailed article on: How to Answer a System Design Interview Problem.

Read it here: https://lnkd.in/gkhnZU77

Consider subscribing for more such content every week.

I wrote a new article on: How I Setup my Terminal for Productivity

It contains step-by-step instructions, commands, tools and shortcuts to supercharge your terminal experience.

Read it here: https://lnkd.in/gshRfDjN

Consider subscribing for more such content every week.

First step in a System Design interview is to understand the problem and clarify requirements.

Here are the example questions you can ask to clarify 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 and 𝐧𝐨𝐧-𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 requirements:

𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬:
- What are the core features that the system should support?
- Are there any particular features that are more critical than others?
- Who will use this system (customers, internal teams etc..)?
- What specific actions should users be able to perform on the system?
- How will users interact with the system (web, mobile app, API, etc.)?
- Does the system need to support multiple languages or locales?
- What are the key data types the system must handle (text, images, structured data, etc). It can influence your database choices.
- Are there any external systems or third-party services the system needs to integrate with?

𝐍𝐨𝐧-𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬:
- What is the expected scale of the system in terms of users and requests?
- How much data volume is expected to be handled by the system?
- What are the inputs and outputs of the system?
- What is the expected read-to-write ratio?
- Can the system have some downtime, or does it need to be highly available?
- Are there any specific latency requirements?
- How critical is data consistency? Can some eventual consistency be tolerated for the sake of availability?
- Are there any specific non-functional requirements (performance, scalability, reliability) we should focus on?

Read the full article on how to answer a system design interview problem: https://lnkd.in/gkhnZU77

15 Tips that Made Behavioral Interviews Easier for Me:

1. Use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to structure your answers. This keeps your answers concise and focused.

2. Listen carefully to the interviewer's questions. Make sure your answers address what they're asking.

3. Keep your answers short and to the point. Don't go off-topic.

4. If you don't understand a question, ask the interviewer to explain it. It's ok to take a moment to think before answering.

5. Don't say bad things about past jobs, coworkers, or experiences.

6. Be polite and positive. You don't want to be rude, offensive, arrogant, or argumentative.

7. When talking about problems or failures, focus on what you learned and how you got better.

8. Remember to ask questions about the company and its culture. Interviews aren't just about them learning about you.

9. If you can't answer a question from past experience, say, "I haven't faced this situation, but I can tell you how I would handle it."

10. Show that you can work well in a team and help others. Talk about times when you showed these qualities.

11. Show enthusiasm for the role and the company. Genuine interest can set you apart from other candidates.

12. Be honest. If you don't know the answer to a question, it's better to admit it than to make something up.

13. Discuss your ability to adapt to changes and highlight your continuous learning mindset.

14. Prepare before the interview. This will help you remember things more easily and answer questions better.

15. Best way to prepare is to practice common interview questions.

Repost to help others in your network ♻️

Checkout my GitHub repository for more behavioral interview resources: https://lnkd.in/gJTs2Xsb

I recently started publishing long-form articles weekly on Substack and excited to share that over 5000 people have already joined.

So far, I have posted 5 articles, with the next one on the way:
1. 𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐨 𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐚 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦: https://lnkd.in/gkhnZU77
2. 15 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐦: https://lnkd.in/gti8gjpz
3. 𝐒.𝐎.𝐋.𝐈.𝐃 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐝𝐞: https://lnkd.in/dNZsRxQ6
4. 𝐓𝐨𝐩 15 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞-𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧: https://lnkd.in/gnM8QC-z
5. 𝐀 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲: https://lnkd.in/gpge_z76

My goal with this newsletter is to:
- Explain coding and system design concepts in a simple and straightforward manner.
- Help you prepare for tech interviews.
- Offer insights into Software Development based on my experience.

Join here: https://lnkd.in/dXtb8SwU

A big thanks to folks who have already joined!

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