Dhaka Electric Supply Company Ltd. (DESCO)

Assistant Engineer

Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Limited (PGCB)

Sonargaon University(SU)

Lecturer in EEE

Lecturer

⚡Empowering Reliable Power Distribution | Electrical & Electronic Engineer 🌎

With 5+ years of hands-on experience in electrical power distribution and substation maintenance, I am passionate about ensuring communities and industries have access to safe, efficient, and uninterrupted power. From troubleshooting energy meters to overseeing substation automation systems, I thrive on solving challenges that power everyday life.

What I Do Best
💡 Substation Expertise: Maintenance and monitoring to optimize system performance.
⚙️ Distribution Transformer Management: Installation and upkeep for seamless energy flow.
📡 Automation Systems: Enhancing operational efficiency through cutting-edge technology.
🔧 Consumer Support: Delivering prompt solutions for electrical concerns.
⚡ Safety & Reliability: Keeping distribution lines and RMUs in top shape.

What Drives Me
In an ever-evolving energy landscape, I am committed to innovation and sustainability. Whether it’s implementing smart grid technologies or improving energy efficiency, I aim to contribute to a future where power distribution systems are resilient and adaptable.

Let’s Connect. 

If you’re in the energy sector or simply passionate about technology that fuels progress, I’d love to exchange ideas! Let's collaborate to drive innovation, share insights, or explore opportunities to make a meaningful impact.

🔥 What if your relay could see inside your transformer?
 
It actually does — silently, continuously, and with millisecond precision.
And when something goes wrong inside the protected zone…
 
⚡ Differential protection is the first to know — and the fastest to act.

⚡ One tiny mismatch between “current in” and “current out”… and boom — your relay instantly isolates the fault before the transformer even knows what hit it.

Differential protection doesn’t care how large the fault current is. It only cares where it’s happening.

Here’s the simplest, clearest breakdown you’ll ever read:
🔍 3 Scenarios Every Protection Engineer Must Know
✅ 1️⃣ Normal Load Condition — Everything Balanced
⤷ Current entering = current leaving
⤷ CTs on both sides measure identical values
⤷ Differential current = 0 → Relay remains stable
⤷ Breaker stays closed
💡 A healthy transformer keeps the math perfectly balanced.

⚡ 2️⃣ External Fault (Through Fault) — Don’t Trip!
⤷ A huge fault outside the protection zone
⤷ Current increases, but still: in = out
⤷ Relay’s restraint element blocks unnecessary trips
⤷ Breaker stays closed
💡 External faults must be cleared by downstream breakers — not your differential relay.

🔥 3️⃣ Internal Fault — The Relay’s Moment of Truth
⤷ Fault inside the transformer winding
⤷ Current entering ≠ current leaving
⤷ Relay detects unbalanced current → Differential element operates
⤷ Sends trip signal instantly →
❌ Breaker trips
💡 If the current doesn’t match, something is burning inside — and your relay isolates it in milliseconds.

🎯 Why Differential Protection Is the Gold Standard
✔ Protects transformer windings, busbars & generators
✔ Immune to load variations & high external fault currents
✔ Fastest and most selective protection method
✔ Minimizes damage & downtime

⚠ Real-World Engineer Notes
⤷ Incorrect CT polarity = nuisance trip waiting to happen
⤷ Missing zero-sequence compensation = false operations
⤷ CT mismatch = unstable differential protection
🔧 Protection is only as good as your CT wiring and commissioning checks.

💬 Have you ever seen a differential relay save a transformer or trip unnecessarily because of a wiring mistake? 
Share your experience 👇 — your insight might save someone a transformer!

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Ashish Shorma Dipta

🔥 Confused About Transformer Vector Groups? Here’s the Simple Truth No One Tells You!

If you’ve ever faced unexpected phase shifts, circulating currents, or inexplicable power quality problems—there’s a high chance the vector group was the silent culprit.
 
And the best part? Once you understand how Δ-Y and Y-Δ groups work, transformer selection becomes effortless.

🔄 Before you blame the load, cables, or harmonics—check the vector group first.
 
It’s one tiny label on the nameplate, but it governs your entire system’s behavior.

🔹 What Exactly Is a Vector Group?
It describes the phase relationship between primary and secondary windings.
This defines how transformers interact with the grid, your loads, and other transformers.

🔹 Most Common Δ-Y & Y-Δ Vector Groups (and Where They Fit)
📌 Dyn1 (Δ-Y, -30° lead) — Ideal for motor-heavy industrial systems
📌 Dyn5 (Δ-Y, -150° shift) — Used in long-distance transmission networks
📌 Dyn11 (Δ-Y, +30° lag) — The standard choice in distribution networks
📌 Yd1 (Y-Δ, -30° lead) — Suitable for step-down voltage applications
📌 Yd5 (Y-Δ, -150° shift) — Common in interconnection setups
📌 Yd11 (Y-Δ, +30° lag) — Popular in industrial power distribution

🔹Clock Notation—Made Simple
Think of the clock number as the angle difference between primary & secondary phases.
🕒 Dyn11 = +30° lag
🕐 Dyn1 = -30° lead
This helps ensure transformers stay in phase when paralleled or connected to complex systems.

🔹 Why Should You Care?
Because the wrong vector group means:
⚡ Phase mismatch during synchronization
⚡ Circulating currents & overheating
⚡ Voltage imbalance and harmonics
⚡ Compromised stability in multi-transformer setups
In short: power quality nightmares.

👉 Choosing the right vector group isn’t just a design step—it’s critical for seamless operation, safe paralleling, and stable distribution.
If you handle transformers or power systems, understanding vector groups is not optional. It's your hidden advantage.

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⚡ Think every transformer is “factory-ready” when it arrives on site?
Here’s the truth: A transformer’s reliability is decided long before energization — in the factory test bay.

And if you don’t understand what these tests reveal, you’re trusting multimillion-dollar assets blindly.

🔁 One overlooked test parameter today can become tomorrow’s overheating, failure, or catastrophic shutdown.

Let’s break down the 8 critical factory tests every engineer must understand — and the practical insights behind them.

🔧 8 Essential Power Transformer Factory Tests (And Why They Matter)

1️⃣ Dielectric Test (High Voltage Test)
📌 Purpose: Ensures insulation can survive extreme electrical stress.
💡 Insight: Look out for partial discharge activity — it’s the earliest sign your insulation is in danger.

2️⃣ Turns Ratio Test (TTR)
📌 Purpose: Confirms the transformer steps voltage up/down correctly.
✅ Tip: Even a small mismatch can mean incorrect secondary voltage and load imbalance.

3️⃣ Winding Resistance Test
📌 Purpose: Checks uniformity and detects turn-to-turn faults.
📝 Note: Always correct readings for temperature — resistance varies significantly with ambient temperature.

4️⃣ Insulation Resistance (IR) Test
📌 Purpose: Ensures insulation is dry, healthy, and not deteriorated.
💡 Insight: Moisture gives falsely low IR values. Perform tests in dry conditions for accuracy.

5️⃣ Excitation Current Test
📌 Purpose: Measures current needed to energize the core.
✅ Tip: A spike in excitation current usually means core defects or incorrect connections.

6️⃣ Temperature Rise Test
📌 Purpose: Validates cooling system performance under full load.
💡 Insight: Poor cooling silently reduces transformer lifespan — this test catches it early.

7️⃣ Oil/Gas Leakage Test
📌 Purpose: Confirms the tank, gaskets, and bushings are fully sealed.
✅ Tip: Even tiny leaks can degrade insulation and cause major failures if ignored.

8️⃣ Sound Level Test
📌 Purpose: Ensures noise stays within regulatory limits.
📝 Note: Excessive hum may indicate loose core laminations or electrical imbalance.

💡 Why These Tests Matter
These aren’t just factory rituals — they’re your frontline defense to ensure:
✔ Zero hidden manufacturing defects
✔ Long transformer life
✔ Lower maintenance costs
✔ Higher reliability and uptime
A transformer that passes these tests with clean results is more likely to perform flawlessly for decades.


🔧 Pro Tips for Engineers
✔ Always compare results with factory baseline values.
✔ Recheck temperature corrections in resistance tests.
✔ Investigate even “minor” anomalies — they are rarely minor.

🎯 What’s your experience?
Which test gives you the most insights — or the biggest challenges?

Share your thoughts or field stories below! 👇

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⚡ AC or DC — Which One Powers the Future of Transmission?

Ever wondered why some transmission lines stretch across continents with DC, while others rely on good old AC? 🤔

Here’s the secret: it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution — the choice between HVDC and HVAC can make or break a power project’s efficiency, cost, and stability.

🚨 The wrong choice can mean higher losses, grid instability, and wasted millions.

Let’s break it down like an engineer. 👷‍♂️🔧
⚔️ HVDC vs. HVAC — The Real Transmission Showdown
✅ 1. Transmission Efficiency
⤷ HVDC: Lower line losses over long distances — no reactive power headaches 🚀
⤷ HVAC: Suffers from reactive power and corona losses over extended spans ⚡

✅ 2. Best for Distance
⤷ HVDC: Perfect for long-haul transmission (>500 km) and underwater/underground routes 🌍
⤷ HVAC: Reliable and cost-effective for short to medium distances (<500 km) 🏙️

✅ 3. Cost Considerations
⤷ HVDC: High initial investment (converter stations) 💰 but lower operational losses
⤷ HVAC: Cheaper upfront but higher line losses over time

✅ 4. Grid Integration
⤷ HVDC: Can link asynchronous grids, providing flexibility and stability 🔄
⤷ HVAC: Needs synchronous operation, limiting interconnections

✅ 5. Real-World Use Cases
⤷ HVDC → Offshore wind farms, undersea cables, cross-border interconnectors 🌊⚡
⤷ HVAC → Conventional grid transmission, substations, regional power distribution 🏘️

🧠 If your goal is long-distance, efficient transmission with grid flexibility, HVDC is the smart bet.
 
If you're working on shorter, cost-sensitive networks, HVAC is tried, tested, and trusted.

💬 What’s been your biggest learning or challenge working with HVDC or HVAC systems? Share your experiences — real-world insights power better grids. ⚡👇

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🔥 RMUs Don’t Fail Because They’re Weak — They Fail Because They’re Installed Wrong.
Sounds harsh? Ask anyone who has opened up a failed RMU after a trip.
It’s almost never the RMU’s design — it’s the installation shortcuts nobody talks about.

🔁 One missed torque. One misaligned foundation. One unchecked interlock.
That’s all it takes for a perfectly good RMU to turn into a silent time bomb in your distribution network.

To help you avoid the most common (and expensive) mistakes, here’s a field-tested, engineer-approved 6-step RMU Installation & Energization Checklist you can use on every project:

⚙️ 1️⃣ Site Preparation & Foundation Check
📏 Ensure the foundation is level and matches the layout drawing.
💡 Tip: Misaligned anchor bolts = forced fit = long-term cable stress and premature failures.

🏗️ 2️⃣ RMU Positioning & Anchoring
⤷ Always use lifting lugs or jacks — never lift an RMU by its panels or doors.
💡 Tip: Keep the RMU perfectly level to avoid mechanical misalignment and oil leaks (for oil-filled units).

🔗 3️⃣ Cable Termination & Earthing
⤷ Follow exact stripping, crimping, and termination specs. Bond earth leads to the main earth bar.
💡 Tip: Use a calibrated torque wrench. Over-tightened lugs can crack bushings — and you won’t know until they fail under load.

🔒 4️⃣ Mechanical & Electrical Interlock Verification
⤷ Check every interlock: breaker, load switch, earth switch. Perform multiple open-close simulations.
💡 Tip: A breaker should never close on an earthed circuit. Mimic diagrams help operators avoid catastrophic mistakes.

📏 5️⃣ Pre-Commissioning Tests
⤷ Perform insulation resistance, contact resistance, and SCADA/control wiring verification.
💡 Tip: IR ≥ 1 MΩ per kV for HV circuits. Document your values — they become critical baseline data later.

⚡ 6️⃣ Energization & Final Inspection
⤷ Remove LOTO, close all covers, energize gradually, and monitor currents/voltages/SCADA events.
💡 Tip: Use an IR camera after energization — hot spots hide where eyes can’t see.

✅ An RMU is only as reliable as its installation.
Install → Test → Verify → Energize
Miss one step today, and tomorrow you’ll be troubleshooting trips, arc flashes, or feeder shutdowns.

💬 What’s the most common RMU installation mistake you see in the field?
Share your experience — let’s help the next engineer avoid the same pitfalls.

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⚡ If the AC system is the heart of your substation, the DC system is its nervous system — and when the nerves fail, everything shuts down.

Here’s the hard truth:
🔴 A single DC fault can bring down breakers, disable relays, and shut your entire substation offline in seconds.

Still think DC distribution failures are “rare”? Think again.
Let’s break down the 7 silent DC system killers that every engineer must watch for — and how to stop them before they stop your grid. 👇

🔥 7 Critical Reasons DC Distribution Systems Fail — and How to Prevent Them

1️⃣ Battery Bank Failure
Why it happens: Aging cells, sulfation, poor ventilation, neglected maintenance
Fix: Capacity testing, clean terminals, scheduled replacements
💡 Pro Tip: Run periodic discharge tests to track real battery health — not just voltage.

2️⃣ Charger Malfunction
Why it happens: Faulty components, incorrect float/boost settings, voltage spikes
Fix: Use high-quality chargers, enable redundancy, perform regular inspections
💡 Pro Tip: Correct charger settings = No overcharging, no undercharging.

3️⃣ DC Ground Faults
Why it happens: Moisture ingress, damaged insulation, loose conductors
Fix: Insulation resistance tests, dry environments, proper grounding
💡 Pro Tip: Install insulation monitoring devices for early fault detection.

4️⃣ Overloaded DC Circuits
Why it happens: Adding new loads without upgrading capacity
Fix: Load audits, additional DC panels, expansion planning
💡 Pro Tip: Keep DC bus loading under 80% of rated capacity.

5️⃣ Fuse / Breaker Failures
Why it happens: Wrong fuse ratings, aging components, poor coordination
Fix: Periodic testing, correct fuse selection, redundancy
💡 Pro Tip: Fuse-rating mismatches are one of the most overlooked causes of nuisance trips.

6️⃣ Loose or Corroded Connections
Why it happens: Vibration, weathering, poor torque application
Fix: Scheduled tightening, anti-corrosion coatings, correct torque
💡 Pro Tip: Use thermographic scanning to find hot, loose, or weak joints instantly.

7️⃣ Communication & SCADA Failures
Why it happens: Faulty wiring, damaged fiber, outdated relays
Fix: Redundant communication paths, firmware upgrades, SCADA health checks
💡 Pro Tip: Real-time monitoring drastically reduces DC downtime and false trips.

🚀 A reliable substation begins with a reliable DC system.
And reliability isn’t luck — it’s proactive maintenance, proper design, and continuous monitoring.
✔ Keep batteries healthy
✔ Keep chargers stable
✔ Keep SCADA talking
✔ Keep loads within limits

Your DC system powers every protection decision your grid makes.

💬 What’s the most challenging DC system failure you’ve seen in the field?

Drop your experience below — someone in the industry will learn from it. 👇

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7 Critical DC System Failures That Can Shut Substations

⚡ One Wrong Tap Setting Can Throw Your Entire Network Off-Balance — Are You Overlooking This Silent Voltage Killer?

Most engineers obsess over breakers, protection relays, and SCADA…
…but quietly overlook one of the simplest yet most consequential adjustments in power distribution:

🔍 The Off-Load Tap Changer (OLTC).

And here’s the truth:
A mis-set tap position doesn’t just shift voltage — it triggers voltage instability, equipment stress, poor power quality, and low efficiency across the network.

🔁 If your transformer secondary voltage isn’t what you expect, don’t blame the load first —
check the tap.
It’s often the hidden culprit.

🔧 Why Off-Load Tap Changers Matter
Off-load tap changers adjust the transformer’s turns ratio before energization, helping maintain steady secondary voltage even when the HV supply fluctuates.

Unlike on-load tap changers:
✔ They operate only when de-energized
✔ No moving parts during service → lower maintenance
✔ Ideal for fixed or predictable load applications

🔎 How to Set the Tap Position — The Right Way
Follow this 5-step field-proven approach:
1️⃣ Measure the incoming HV voltage before energizing
2️⃣ Check the rated LV secondary voltage (e.g., 400 V / 230 V)
3️⃣ Refer to the tap range (typically ±5% in 2.5% steps)
4️⃣ Select the tap that compensates for HV deviation
5️⃣ Energize the transformer & verify secondary voltage stability

📐 A Simple Example
If the HV supply is 10.5 kV instead of 11 kV, choose a +5% tap.
Why?
It offsets the drop — delivering a healthy 400 V secondary output.

Small change, big impact.

🧠 Key Takeaways for Every Engineer
✔ Set tap positions before energizing — never under load
✔ Always use accurate voltage measurements
✔ Follow manufacturer tap-step recommendations
✔ Re-check voltages after energization for confirmation

Tap changers may look basic, but they’re critical to:
🔹 Voltage stability
🔹 Power quality
🔹 Consumer satisfaction
🔹 Transformer longevity

💬 How do you handle voltage regulation in your network?
Ever seen a transformer misbehave due to a wrong tap setting?
Share your insights below — let’s help the next generation get this right. 👇

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🔥 Why is your substation losing efficiency—even when everything seems fine?
Because technical losses hide in plain sight, quietly draining power, lowering system performance, and reducing asset life.

⚡ Most substations don’t fail… they fade due to avoidable losses.
The good news? Engineers can prevent 70–80% of these inefficiencies with the right strategies.

Here are 7 proven, field-tested ways to reduce technical losses and boost the performance of any substation 👇

⚙️ 1️⃣ Optimize Transformer Sizing & Loading
Problem: Oversized or overloaded transformers increase losses.
Fix: Use accurate load forecasting and choose transformers that operate efficiently within the 40–80% loading window.

🔌 2️⃣ Improve Conductor Sizing & Selection
Problem: Undersized conductors increase I²R losses.
Fix: Upgrade to larger cross-section conductors (Cu/Al) to reduce resistance and improve current flow.

🧲 3️⃣ Minimize No-Load Losses
Problem: Transformers waste energy even when lightly loaded.
Fix: Replace aging units with amorphous core types and use automatic switching to disconnect idle transformers during low-load hours.

⚡ 4️⃣ Boost Power Factor with Reactive Power Compensation
Problem: Low PF increases current, heat, and line losses.
Fix: Install capacitor banks, STATCOMs, or synchronous condensers to keep PF above 0.95.

🌩️ 5️⃣ Reduce Corona Losses in HV Systems
Problem: Ionization around conductors causes energy loss at high voltages.
Fix: Use bundle conductors, corona rings, and adequate phase spacing.

📡 6️⃣ Deploy Smart Metering & Real-Time Monitoring
Problem: Manual monitoring misses early warning signs.
Fix: Implement SCADA, IoT sensors, and real-time analytics to detect losses instantly.

🛠️ 7️⃣ Prioritize Maintenance & Regular Loss Audits
Problem: Loose joints, overheating, and aging components spike losses.
Fix: Conduct preventive maintenance, thermographic inspections, and structured loss audits.

🚀 Reducing technical losses isn’t just cost savings — it’s improved reliability, longer asset life, and a healthier grid.

💬 Which loss-reduction method has made the biggest impact in your substation?
Or what challenges do you still face? Share your experience below—your insight might help someone else. ⚡👇

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7 Smart Ways to Cut Technical Losses In Substations

🔥 Ever faced an energy meter that suddenly stops responding, shows incorrect readings, or loses communication right when you need it most?
 
You’re not alone—these issues can derail billing accuracy, disrupt operations, and frustrate consumers.

But here’s the good news: with the right troubleshooting approach, most meter problems can be diagnosed and fixed faster than you think.

🔍 Why Energy Meter Troubleshooting Matters
Energy meters are critical in every power distribution network. When they fail, the impact is immediate:
⤷ Billing disputes
⤷ Meter reading delays
⤷ Data loss
⤷ Consumer dissatisfaction
That’s why engineers need a structured, reliable process to identify, isolate, and resolve problems quickly.

🔧 Common Energy Meter Issues & How to Address Them
1️⃣ Meter Display Not Working
✔ Check incoming supply
✔ Inspect terminals for loose connections
✔ Verify blown fuses or internal power failure

2️⃣ Inaccurate Readings (Billing Discrepancies)
✔ Validate CT/PT ratios
✔ Review installation correctness (burden, polarity, phasing)
✔ Check for calibration drift

3️⃣ Smart Meter Communication Failures
✔ Confirm network signal strength
✔ Restart communication modules
✔ Inspect wiring, antenna placement, and communication protocol settings

4️⃣ Overheating Issues
✔ Assess for overload or unbalanced loads
✔ Improve ventilation around meter boards
✔ Tighten loose terminals to eliminate hotspots

🧠 Pro Tips to Prevent Recurring Issues
⤷ Implement routine calibration to maintain long-term measurement accuracy
 ⤷ Use advanced diagnostic tools for faster detection of wiring or phasing errors
 ⤷ Educate consumers on load balancing to minimize thermal stress on meters
 ⤷ Maintain proper seal integrity to avoid tampering and reading abnormalities

💡 Whether you're a field technician, utility engineer, or power systems enthusiast, mastering meter troubleshooting not only reduces downtime—but also strengthens consumer trust and boosts system reliability.

🔧 Want the complete step-by-step breakdown?
Check out my full carousel packed with practical techniques and insider insights!

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#EnergyMeters 
#SmartMeters

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