MedFlow

Chief Executive Officer

MedFlow transforms healthcare quality and cost—we help providers get paid more for delivering better care, while reducing costs.

Co-Founder

Frontier Psychiatry

Currently providing specialized dementia care and clinical support as a neuropsychiatrist while guiding the company's strategic direction through its next growth phase as a board member.

Board Member, Neuropsychiatrist

Co-founded and bootstrapped Frontier Psychiatry, architecting the technology infrastructure that enabled rapid scaling to 75 staff serving 5,000 monthly patients. Developed innovative care delivery models integrating digital health tools and value based care to improve access to specialized psychiatric services in underserved communities.

Co-Founder, COO

BrainCheck

Led clinical R&D team while supporting sales, marketing and other functions from seed stage through Series B funding. Guided product development to enhance cognitive assessment technology for neurodegeneration detection and improved clinical workflows.

Chief Medical Officer

EvergreenHealth

Served as the memory and behavior expert at EvergreenHealth's Neuroscience Institute and for the geriatric clinic. providing specialized clinical neuropsychiatry expertise for comprehensive workup and diagnosis of dementia and related conditions. Applied innovative digital biomarkers and assessment technologies to enhance diagnostic accuracy while developing technology-enabled care models for this vulnerable patient population. Collaborated with an outstanding multidisciplinary team to deliver cutting-edge care.

Neuropsychiatrist

NeuroLex Labs

Led research and development of pioneering digital biomarkers for neuropsychiatric conditions and neurodegeneration. Directed innovative voice diagnostics pilot studies across academic, private, and non-profit partnerships nationwide, advancing clinical assessment technology for early disease detection. Provided healthcare leadership to a team of over 30 research assistants and graduate/undergraduate fellows, driving technology-enabled care models that transformed traditional neuropsychiatric evaluation approaches.

University of Washington - School of Medicine

Practiced neuropsychiatry across multiple sites in Washington state including Harborview Medical Center, and the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center. Specialized in dementia and movement disorders.

Senior Fellow, Neurology - Movement Disorders

Veterans Administation

Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC) Advanced Fellowship

Advanced Fellow, Neurology, Movement Disorders

Brainstorm: Stanford Laboratory for Behavioral Health Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Director of Partnerships and Strategy at the world's first academic laboratory for behavioral health entrepreneurship.

Founding Partner

University of Washington Medical Center

Practiced psychiatry across multiple sites in Washington state including University of Washington Medical Center, Harborview Medical Center, and the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center.

Resident Physician

King County, WA

Board Member - King County Behavioral Health Advisory Board

My path:
Age 12: I built my first computer
Age 15: I started a small business making first websites for local orgs with HTML and JavaScript
Age 16: I learned C++ and made some primitive games
Age 22: I graduated from RPI with a degree in computer and electrical engineering and took a job that seemed cool working on designing and building a US Navy destroyer
Age 23: Finished chemo and hit remission from Hodgkin's Disease and took a hard look in the mirror
Age 25: Finished a masters in biomedical engineering at Hopkins, focusing on AI and machine learning for medical imaging 
Age 26: Had my first big win in engineering & medicine – invented a modular MRI-compatible exercise device for muscle testing and digital biomarkers
Age 27: Got into UMass medical school on my 3rd try, pursuing neuropsychiatry
Age 30: Built an electronic health record (EHR) while in medical school for a Boston-based company, my first foray into healthcare entrepreneurship and technology-enabled care models
Age 34: Built my first health-tech company, NeuroLex, using voice as a digital biomarker to detect neurodegeneration and disease earlier
Age 36: Finished residency and fellowship at University of Washington and founded a specialized dementia clinic for EvergreenHealth, applying clinical neuropsychiatry expertise
Age 37: Sold NeuroLex and helped build BrainCheck, a digital cognitive assessment technology company pioneering digital biomarkers for dementia assessment
Age 38: Founded and bootstrapped Frontier Psychiatry and grew it to 75 staff and 5k patients/month diving into innovative technology-enabled care models and healthcare leadership
Age 40: Raised a series A and transitioned to scaling mode, implementing value-based care approaches and quality improvement methodologies
Age 41: Handed off Frontier Psychiatry and Founded MedFlow, a workflow automation company for healthcare transformation and optimized care delivery systems

It's been a journey. 

My goal here is to share what I've learned in clinical neuropsychiatry, digital biomarkers, healthcare entrepreneurship, and healthcare leadership to move the needle on outcomes in healthcare, especially dementia care. Healthcare needs absolutely everyone's help to change the status quo. We need to demand better from our systems through technology-enabled care models and organizational change management.

For more information please follow me here and visit rezahg.com

Forward Health: $660 million raised, shut down overnight.

Olive AI: $850 million raised, sold for parts.

Babylon Health: $4 billion valuation, collapsed.

Pear Therapeutics: FDA-approved digital therapeutics, bankrupt.

The pattern is obvious. Healthcare tech keeps failing spectacularly.

And I keep watching them make the same mistakes.

I've built healthcare companies for 15 years. Here's what they don't understand:

1. Healthcare is not a tech problem
↳ It's a trust problem wrapped in regulation
↳ Lives are at stake, not just convenience
↳ Patients want proven solutions, not beta tests
↳ Doctors need extensive validation before adoption

2. The integration trap kills everything
↳ Forward's CarePods were technologically impressive
↳ But they couldn't integrate with existing health systems
↳ No EMR connection means no real utility
↳ Workflow disruption kills adoption faster than poor features

3. Why consumer tech playbooks fail
↳ Healthcare data is dirty, siloed, and inconsistent
↳ 80% of critical data is unstructured
↳ Interoperability isn't a feature, it's the foundation
↳ You can't "move fast and break things" with patient care

4. The reimbursement reality nobody talks about
↳ Olive automated tasks but couldn't prove ROI
↳ No CPT code means no sustainable business
↳ Insurance coverage drives provider adoption
↳ Free trials don't create lasting change

5. What actually works in healthcare tech
↳ Solve one painful problem extremely well
↳ Integrate seamlessly into existing workflows
↳ Get clinical champions who see immediate benefit
↳ Build for the system that exists, not the one you wish existed

Forward shut down with zero transition plan for patients.

Canceled appointments overnight. App went dark immediately.

This is what happens when you optimize for TechCrunch headlines instead of patient care.

When you design for Silicon Valley investors instead of 65-year-old physicians.

When you prioritize disruption over integration.

Healthcare doesn't need revolutionary technology.

It needs evolutionary technology that works within existing systems.

Simple beats brilliant. Integration beats innovation. Reliability beats features.

I've seen billion-dollar failures and million-dollar successes.

The difference? The successful ones understood healthcare is different.

The failures thought they could brute force it with money and engineers.
They were wrong.

💬 What health tech product promised everything and delivered nothing?
♻️ Repost if you believe healthcare needs humble innovation, not disruption
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for realistic takes on what actually works in healthcare technology

Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE

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JSESSIONID

Neuropsychiatrist | Engineer | 4x Health Tech Founder | Cancer Graduate - Follow to share what I’ve learned along the way.

A new Alzheimer's drug just reversed memory loss in mice.

Not slowed it. Reversed it.

And it started human trials in 2025.

I've watched dozens of Alzheimer's drugs fail in my career. This one is different.

GL-II-73 doesn't target amyloid plaques like every other drug.

It restores actual neural function.

Here's what makes this breakthrough different:
1. It addresses closer to the root cause
↳ Fixes damaged brain cell connections
↳ Restores neural function directly
↳ Reverses memory deficits, not just slows them
↳ Works even in late-stage disease (though less effectively)

2. The mouse model results are remarkable
↳ Single dose reversed early memory deficits completely
↳ Treated mice performed as well as healthy controls
↳ Chronic treatment helped even late-stage disease
↳ Actually improved existing damage

3. Why previous drugs have failed
↳ They target the end result (amyloid plaques)
↳ Not the underlying neural dysfunction
↳ Started too late in disease progression
↳ Massive side effects for modest benefits

4. The FDA fast-track matters
↳ Received clearance for Phase 1 human trials
↳ First half of 2025 enrollment started
↳ Developed by Damona Pharmaceuticals
↳ Built on 12 years of CAMH research

5. The cautious optimism I'm allowing myself
↳ Mouse models don't always translate to humans
↳ But the mechanism is fundamentally different
↳ Targets neural vulnerability, not just protein buildup
↳ Could work for depression and schizophrenia too

I've had to tell hundreds of families there's no cure.

That the drugs we have cost $50,000 yearly and might slow decline by a few months.

That the side effects often outweigh the benefits.

The possibility of a drug that actually restores function changes everything.

Not just for Alzheimer's. For depression. Schizophrenia. Other cognitive disorders.

This is what neural restoration looks like.

Will it work in humans? I don't know yet.

But I'm genuinely hopeful.

💬 If you had a family history of Alzheimer's, would you enroll in early drug trials?
♻️ Repost if you believe we need fundamentally different approaches to treating dementia
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for updates on breakthrough treatments that might actually work

Citation: Bernardo, A. M., et al. (2025). Procognitive and neurotrophic benefits of α5-GABAₐ receptor positive allosteric modulation in a β-amyloid deposition mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Neurobiology of Aging.

Walking 3,000 steps per day slows Alzheimer's by 3 years.

7,500 steps? You delay cognitive decline by 7 years.

New research from Mass General just reinforces what we suspected.

I've been telling patients to exercise for brain health for 15 years. But I couldn't tell them exactly how much mattered or how much it would help.

Now we have some data.

The Harvard Aging Brain Study tracked 296 older adults for years. They measured step counts, brain scans for amyloid and tau proteins, and cognitive function.

Here's what they found:
People who walked 3,000-5,000 steps daily had cognitive decline delayed by 3 years on average compared to sedentary people.

People who walked 5,000-7,500 steps daily had cognitive decline delayed by 7 years.
The mechanism:

Walking slows the buildup of tau proteins in your brain. Tau is the protein that actually kills brain cells in Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid plaques show up first. Then tau spreads and destroys neurons. Walking doesn't reduce amyloid much. But it dramatically slows tau accumulation.

Three reasons this matters more than any drug:
1. Alzheimer's medications cost $26,000 yearly and slow decline by maybe 4-6 months
2. Walking costs zero dollars and delays decline by years
3. You can start today without a prescription or insurance approval

The study only tracked people who already had elevated amyloid in their brains. These were people on the Alzheimer's path. Walking still protected them.

What 5,000 steps looks like:
- 40 minutes of walking at moderate pace
- 2-3 short walks throughout the day
- Doesn't need to be intense or complicated

This isn't about running marathons or joining a gym. It's about consistent moderate movement.

I tell my patients: if you do one thing to protect your brain, make it moderate movement. Be a bit out of breath. More effective than any supplement. Cheaper than any medication. Available right now. (If you can't walk, then bike, or swim, or row...you get the idea).

45% of dementia cases are potentially preventable through lifestyle factors. Walking is the single most accessible intervention we have.

⁉️ How many steps are you averaging per day?
♻️ Repost if you think prevention beats treatment
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for evidence-based brain health

Citations: Yau WY et al. Physical activity as a modifiable risk factor in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Nature Medicine. 2025.

Coffee drinkers have 65% lower dementia risk.

But only if they drink it the right way.

I've reviewed dozens of studies on coffee and brain health. The data is remarkably consistent.

3-5 cups daily at midlife protects your brain decades later.

But there's a catch most people miss:
1. Sweetened coffee can cancel the benefits
↳ Sugar-sweetened coffee shows less protective effect
↳ Artificially sweetened coffee shows no protective effect
↳ Unsweetened coffee reduces dementia risk the most
↳ The sugar undoes what the caffeine helps

2. The type of coffee matters
↳ Filtered coffee (drip, pour-over): protective
↳ Boiled coffee (Turkish, French press): increases risk in some studies
↳ Espresso: unclear but likely similar to filtered
↳ Instant: less studied but appears beneficial

3. Timing affects the benefit
↳ Midlife consumption (40s-50s) matters most
↳ Starting in your 60s still helps but less dramatically
↳ Consistency over decades creates the protection
↳ Weekend-only coffee drinking doesn't cut it

4. How coffee protects your brain
↳ Caffeine blocks adenosine receptors that promote neurodegeneration
↳ Antioxidants reduce inflammation
↳ Improved insulin sensitivity helps brain metabolism
↳ Enhanced blood flow to critical brain regions

5. The dose-response is specific
↳ 1-2 cups daily: minimal benefit
↳ 3-5 cups daily: maximum protection (65% risk reduction)
↳ 6+ cups daily: benefits plateau, side effects increase
↳ More is not better after 5 cups

Tea shows similar but weaker effects.

Combining coffee and tea appears additive in some studies.

But nothing beats 3-5 cups of unsweetened coffee for dementia prevention.

Personally, I don't like coffee, I wish I did. I do drink a pot of tea every day.

Mostly because I enjoy it. The potential benefits are nice to have but ultimately, I try to balance what's good for me with what I truly enjoy.

The cheapest, most accessible dementia prevention strategy might be sitting in your kitchen right now.

Just don't ruin it with sugar.

💬 How do you take your coffee? Time to ditch the sweetener?
♻️ Repost if you're reconsidering your coffee habits
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for evidence-based prevention strategies that actually work

Citations: Eskelinen MH, et al. Midlife coffee and tea drinking and the risk of late-life dementia and Alzheimer disease: the CAIDE study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2009. Zhang Y, et al. Consumption of coffee and tea and risk of developing stroke, dementia, and post-stroke dementia: UK Biobank cohort study. PLoS Med. 2021. Hu H, et al. Tea consumption and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 377,592 UK Biobank participants. Transl Psychiatry. 2022.

Your eye doctor might diagnose Alzheimer's before your neurologist does.
And the test takes 5 minutes.

New research shows retinal imaging detects early Alzheimer's with 93.5% accuracy.

That's better than most brain scans. From a routine eye exam.

Think about that: the same equipment checking for glaucoma could spot dementia 10 years early.

Here's the science that could change things:
1. Your retina is literally brain tissue
↳ Same embryological origin as your brain
↳ Only place we can see living neurons directly
↳ Shares blood-brain barrier properties
↳ Changes mirror brain degeneration in real-time

2. What Alzheimer's looks like in your eye
↳ Thinning of specific retinal nerve fiber layers
↳ Reduced blood vessel density in the macula
↳ Altered vessel branching patterns
↳ Microhemorrhages you can't see or feel

3. The accuracy is remarkable
↳ 93.5% for early-onset Alzheimer's detection
↳ 86.3% for mild cognitive impairment
↳ AI analyzes patterns humans miss
↳ Non-invasive, no radiation, results in minutes

4. Why this beats traditional testing
↳ Brain MRI costs $3,000+ and takes hours
↳ PET scans require radioactive tracers
↳ Lumbar puncture is invasive and expensive
↳ Retinal imaging costs less than an oil change

5. The implementation gap
↳ Technology exists right now
↳ Equipment already in most eye clinics
↳ We're just not using it for dementia screening
↳ Insurance doesn't cover it yet for this purpose

I do a basic retinal exam as part of my neurology visits but my eye can't catch these kinds of changes accurately enough.

Just like we have eye screening tools in every pediatrics office, these devices would be lightweight and cheap enough to be in every PCP office.

I've diagnosed over 1,000 dementia cases in 15 years.

Most come too late. After years of decline. When interventions are less effective.

This technology could flip that entirely.

Your annual eye exam becomes dementia screening.

Accessible. Affordable. Already available.

The tools exist. We're just not using them.

Imagine catching Alzheimer's when lifestyle changes, medications, and interventions actually work.

Not after 50-70% of brain function is already lost.

That's the future retinal imaging may offer.

💬 When was your last comprehensive eye exam?
♻️ Repost if you believe accessible early detection saves lives
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for breakthroughs in early diagnosis that are practical

Citation: Hao, J., et al. (2024). Early detection of dementia through retinal imaging and trustworthy AI. npj Digital Medicine.

The Alzheimer's Association just spent $50 million to answer one question:
Can lifestyle changes actually prevent dementia?

The answer: Yes. And it's not even close.

The POINTER study tracked 2,100 people in their 60s and 70s for two years.

Half got intensive lifestyle intervention. Half got standard advice.

The results made the intervention group's brains 1-2 years younger.

Here's what they did:
1. The intervention wasn't complicated
↳ Mediterranean-style diet
↳ Regular aerobic and strength exercise
↳ Brain training and cognitive challenges
↳ Vascular risk monitoring and management

2. The results were measurable
↳ Improved cognitive function scores
↳ Reduced "brain age" on objective tests
↳ Benefits persisted throughout the study
↳ Changed people's cognitive trajectories

3. Why this study matters differently
↳ Largest rigorous lifestyle intervention ever
↳ Used objective brain measurements, not just surveys
↳ Proved you can reverse cognitive aging
↳ Showed combination therapy works better than single interventions

4. The translation problem
↳ This worked in a controlled research setting
↳ How do we deliver this in the real world?
↳ Insurance doesn't cover lifestyle prescriptions
↳ Doctors aren't trained to prescribe diet and exercise like drugs

5. What's coming next
↳ $40 million to implement POINTER in communities
↳ Brain scans and blood tests being analyzed
↳ Will show if cognitive improvements match brain changes
↳ Could transform how we think about prevention

Here's what frustrates me:
We prove lifestyle interventions work.

Then we act like they're optional.

Meanwhile, we celebrate $50,000 drugs that slow decline by a few months.

And ignore the free interventions that actually reverse it.

The healthcare system will pay $50,000 for monthly infusions.

But won't pay for nutrition counseling or exercise programs.

We have the evidence. We know what works.

Diet. Exercise. Cognitive engagement. Social connection. Vascular risk management.

Not one thing. All of them together.

The question isn't whether lifestyle changes work.

It's whether our healthcare system will ever prescribe them like medicine.
Up to 45% of dementia risk is modifiable.

We know how to modify it.

We just don't.

💬 Would you commit to a 2-year intensive lifestyle program if it could prevent Alzheimer's?
♻️ Repost if you believe prevention deserves the same investment as treatment
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for evidence-based approaches to preventing cognitive decline

Citations: Baker, L. D. et al. (2025). Structured vs self-guided multidomain lifestyle interventions for global cognitive function: The U.S. POINTER randomized clinical trial. JAMA.

Light drinking protects your brain.

Doctors have said this for decades. I've repeated it to patients.

A study at Oxford just added to the evidence convincing me we were probably wrong.

New study of 560,000 people: ANY amount of alcohol increases dementia risk.

There is no safe level. Zero.

The "benefits" of light drinking? An illusion caused by flawed research design.

Here's what the science actually shows:
1. The U-shaped curve was a mistake
↳ Previous studies compared drinkers to non-drinkers
↳ But "non-drinkers" included people who quit due to illness
↳ That made light drinkers look healthier by comparison
↳ Classic case of reverse causation fooling researchers

2. Genetic analysis tells the truth
↳ Can't fake your genes to look healthy
↳ 2.4 million people analyzed genetically
↳ Those genetically predisposed to drink more had higher dementia rates
↳ Dose-response: more alcohol, more dementia

3. Even moderate drinking damages the brain
↳ Brain scans show shrinkage at low levels
↳ Alcohol disrupts sleep quality every time
↳ Inflammation increases with each drink
↳ The "benefits" never existed

4. Why doctors believed the myth
↳ Observational studies showed correlation
↳ Wine drinkers seemed healthier than abstainers
↳ But wine drinkers also exercise more, eat better, have higher incomes
↳ We confused lifestyle with the wine itself

5. What this means for prevention
↳ Reducing alcohol may be as important as exercise
↳ No amount is "healthy" for your brain
↳ The less you drink, the better
↳ Complete abstinence is the lowest-risk choice

I've spent 15 years telling patients moderate drinking was probably fine.

I was wrong. The research was wrong.

The genetic evidence is clear: alcohol hurts brains at any dose.

Will I tell patients they can never drink? No.

But I'll stop pretending it's good for them.

The "heart healthy" glass of wine might be costing you brain cells.

There's no such thing as a brain-healthy drink. 

I've come to this conclusion now over the course of several years of accumulating evidence and reexamining my previous understanding.

💬 How does this change your thinking about alcohol and brain health?
♻️ Repost if this challenges what you thought you knew
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for evidence that changes clinical practice

Citations: Topiwala A, Levey, et al. Alcohol use and risk of dementia in diverse populations: evidence from cohort, case-control and Mendelian randomisation approaches. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 2025.

I tell my dementia patients they needed to start exercising 20 years ago.
Then I tell them the second best time is today.

Even 5 minutes counts.

New research from Johns Hopkins tracked 89,667 adults and found something remarkable:

Just 35 minutes of moderate exercise per week reduced dementia risk by 41%.

That's 5 minutes a day.

Not 20 minutes. Not an hour. Five minutes.

Here's what the science actually shows:

1. The dose-response is dramatic
↳ 35-70 minutes weekly: 60% lower risk
↳ 70-140 minutes weekly: 63% lower risk
↳ 140+ minutes weekly: 69% lower risk
↳ Even frail older adults benefited

2. What counts as moderate exercise
↳ Brisk walking
↳ Cleaning your house
↳ Gardening
↳ Playing with grandchildren

3. Why such small amounts work
↳ Exercise increases brain blood flow immediately
↳ Triggers brain-derived neurotrophic factor production
↳ Helps brain cells stay healthy and form new connections
↳ Improves the brain areas responsible for thinking

4. The missing piece everyone ignores
↳ Sitting time matters as much as exercise
↳ More sitting increased dementia risk 5-54%
↳ Breaking up sitting with any movement helps
↳ Even standing counts

5. Why we get this wrong
↳ CDC recommends 150 minutes weekly
↳ Sounds overwhelming to most people
↳ Many give up before starting
↳ Perfect becomes enemy of good

I've diagnosed over 1,000 cases of dementia in 15 years.

One question I always ask: "Are you moving your body regularly?"

The answer is almost always no.

Not because they don't care. Because they think it has to be marathons.

It doesn't.

Five minutes of walking after dinner.

Parking farther away.

Taking the stairs.

These aren't trivial. They're protective.

Your brain doesn't care if you're training for a triathlon or walking to the mailbox.

It cares that you moved.

The $50,000 Alzheimer's drugs get all the headlines.

The (mostly)free intervention that works gets ignored.

💬 What's your go-to way to get moving throughout the day?
♻️ Repost if you believe small changes compound over time
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for evidence-based brain health strategies that don't require a gym membership

Citations: Wanigatunga et al. (2025). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at any dose reduces all-cause dementia risk regardless of frailty status. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.

After diagnosing over 1,000 dementia cases, I've developed a system that primary care doctors can use.

You don't need a neuropsychologist.
You don't need a 6-month wait for specialty referral.
You don't need advanced imaging.

Here's my clinical approach:
The 15-minute assessment that catches what traditional tests miss:
1/ History from an observer is more valuable than history from the patient
↳ Spouse or adult child notices changes first
↳ Patient often minimizes or doesn't recognize deficits
↳ Ask: "What activities have they stopped doing?"

2/ Digital cognitive testing reveals patterns traditional tests miss
↳ Standardized digital tests eliminate administrator bias
↳ Normative data adjusted for age and education
↳ Qualifies for CPT 96132 reimbursement

3/ The questions that reveal more than any test
↳ "Do you still handle finances independently?"
↳ "Have you gotten lost in familiar places?"
↳ "Are you repeating questions or stories?"
↳ "Have family members expressed concern?"

The diagnostic framework I use:

Rule out dementia imitators first
↳ Sleep apnea 
↳ B12 deficiency
↳ Depression
↳ Medication side effects
↳ Thyroid dysfunction
↳ Hearing loss

Establish pattern of decline
↳ Slow and steady suggests neurodegenerative process
↳ Stepwise progression points to vascular dementia
↳ Fluctuating symptoms may indicate Lewy body dementia

Assess functional impact
↳ Mild: Independent with complex tasks becoming difficult
↳ Moderate: Needs help with some daily activities
↳ Severe: Requires supervision for safety

The diagnosis conversation I have:
"Based on everything we've reviewed together, I believe you have early-stage dementia. This means your brain has changes affecting memory and thinking that are beyond normal aging. Here's what we can do about it."

Then I create an immediate care plan:

Start medications that work better early
↳ Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors add quality years
↳ Side effects minimal if started properly
↳ Benefits appear over years, not days
↳ Earlier start means better outcomes

Address modifiable risk factors
↳ Treat cardiovascular disease aggressively
↳ Optimize diabetes control
↳ Manage sleep disorders
↳ Address hearing loss
↳ Encourage physical activity

Connect to resources
↳ Alzheimer's Association for education and support
↳ Adult day programs for socialization
↳ Caregiver support groups

Specialists are overwhelmed with complex cases
↳ 6-12 month wait times when most cases are straightforward

PCPs have longitudinal relationships and know patients best

The tools now exist to make this practical
↳ Digital testing is standardized and billable
↳ Care planning has CPT code 99483

The barrier isn't knowledge or skill.

It's believing that dementia diagnosis belongs in primary care.

It does. with the right support.

⁉️ Primary care providers: what stops you from diagnosing dementia in your practice? 
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for practical dementia care strategies

Mr. Thompson's wife called me panicking.

"He's getting aggressive. He yells at me. He's not himself anymore."

She felt stuck, part of her wanted to put him in a memory care facility immediately and the other part couldn't bring herself to go down that path.

One question I asked changed things.

Mr. Thompson, 71, had been diagnosed with mild Alzheimer's 6 months earlier by his primary doctor. His memory was declining slowly. But so was his personality.

Aggression. Paranoia. Agitation.
His wife was exhausted and scared.

Here's the question I asked:
"Does he snore loudly at night?"

She looked confused. "Yes, he's always snored. What does that have to do with his aggression?"

More than you think.

I ordered a sleep study. Severe obstructive sleep apnea. Oxygen saturation dropping to 78% dozens of times per night.

His brain was being starved of oxygen for hours every night.

We started him on CPAP therapy. Within 3 weeks, the aggression improved. The paranoia reduced significantly. His wife got her husband back.

He still has Alzheimer's. His memory is still declining. But the personality changes that were destroying their marriage? Those were from untreated sleep apnea.

Sleep apnea causes or contributes to 30-40% of cognitive complaints in my practice.

It mimics dementia. It worsens real dementia. And it's completely treatable.

Three signs your cognitive decline might be sleep apnea:
1. Loud snoring with witnessed breathing pauses
2. Excessive daytime sleepiness
3. Personality changes or irritability that came on suddenly

The tragedy is how often this gets missed.

Patient has memory problems. Gets diagnosed with dementia. Nobody checks their sleep. Symptoms worsen. Family assumes it's just the disease progressing.

Meanwhile, treating their sleep apnea could have prevented years of unnecessary decline.

Emerging research shows sleep apnea might increase dementia risk long-term. We're still studying that connection.

But I know for certain that untreated sleep apnea makes everything worse. Cognition. Mood. Function. Quality of life.

I screen every single dementia patient for sleep problems now. About 1 in 3 has significant sleep apnea.

Mr. Thompson still comes to my clinic. His memory isn't improving. But his wife tells me she has her husband's personality back. That matters more than his score on a memory test.

Fix the sleep. Then see what cognitive problems remain.

⁉️ Have you seen sleep problems confused with dementia?
♻️ Repost if you screen for sleep apnea in cognitive patients
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for diagnostic insights that matter

I teach medical students one question that catches dementia earlier than most screening tests.

"What have you stopped doing that you used to enjoy?"

Not "how's your memory?" Not "what's today's date?"

This question reveals functional decline.

Here's why it works:
People with early dementia don't usually complain about memory loss. They know something's wrong, but they can't articulate it.

So they stop doing things. Quietly. Gradually.

They stop managing finances because it's "too stressful"

They stop cooking because they're "not hungry"

They stop driving to new places because they "prefer familiar routes"

They stop hosting friends because they're "too tired"

Each excuse seems reasonable. But together they paint a picture of someone avoiding tasks they can no longer handle.

I had a patient, Maria, who came in for annual checkup. Age 68. No memory complaints.

I asked my question: "What have you stopped doing?"

She paused. Then said "I used to love crossword puzzles. Haven't done one in months. They just frustrate me now."

That can be early cognitive decline. Not the puzzles themselves. The frustration when something that used to be easy becomes hard.

We did cognitive testing. Mild cognitive impairment. Early enough to intervene. Early enough to plan.

Three patterns that signal early dementia:
1. Withdrawal from complex tasks
2. Managing money, cooking elaborate meals, planning travel. These require executive function that declines first.
3. Reduced social engagement

Not because they're depressed. Because social situations demand cognitive effort they can no longer sustain.

Preference for routine
New situations require learning and adaptation. People with early dementia stick to routines because routines don't challenge their declining cognition.

Standard screening tests miss this.

The Mini-Mental State Exam asks "what's the date?" and "spell WORLD backwards." 

Patients with early functional decline can pass those tests easily.

But they can't manage their checkbook anymore. They've stopped organizing family gatherings. They've given up hobbies that require concentration.

That's dementia. Before the tests show it. Before families recognize it.

Why this matters:
Early intervention works better. Medications work better. Lifestyle changes work better. 
Families have time to plan.

But we miss the early window because we're asking the wrong questions.

A patient who scores 28/30 on cognitive tests but stopped managing their life? That's suspicious.

A patient who scores 24/30 but still runs their business? That might just be lifelong low cognition.

Context matters. Function matters. Pattern of decline matters.

⁉️ What question do you use to screen for early cognitive decline?
♻️ Repost if functional assessment beats screening tests
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for clinical diagnostic pearls

A clinical trial this year demonstrated we can reduce Alzheimer's plaques without drugs.

Using only focused ultrasound.

For decades, we've been focused on medication delivery to the brain. But researchers in Seoul just completed a study that opened the blood-brain barrier using sound waves alone.

No infusions. No side effects. No drugs.

The results from 6 patients:
Reduced amyloid plaques in the brain 
Improved neuropsychiatric symptoms in 5 of 6 participants 
Zero serious adverse events 
Treatment took 30-45 minutes per session

Keep in mind there have been a number of studies on focused ultrasound for Alzheimer's. This one builds on previous ones and shows the ultrasound alone may facilitate the bodies ability to remove plaques on its own.

Focused ultrasound could also be used to help the right drugs reach the right places in the brain.

The science behind it:
Your blood-brain barrier is like a security checkpoint. It protects your brain but also blocks most medications from getting through.

Focused ultrasound creates temporary openings in this barrier. These openings allow your brain's natural cleaning system to work better, clearing toxic proteins that cause Alzheimer's.

The brain consumes 20% of your body's energy in adults. It relies on healthy blood vessels to function. When we repair the vascular system, cognitive symptoms improve.

Three reasons this matters:
- The newest Alzheimer's drugs cost $50,000+ yearly and require monthly infusions 
- This ultrasound approach could be done in outpatient clinics 
- No medication means no drug side effects or complications

The limitation right now is scale. Only specialized centers have the equipment. But if larger trials confirm these results, we could see this become standard care.

I've watched many promising Alzheimer's treatments fail in the last 20 years. But targeting the blood-brain barrier instead of just targeting amyloid? That's a fundamentally different approach.

⁉️ What's your take on non-drug approaches to treating dementia? 
♻️ Repost if you think this could change dementia care 
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for insights on the future of neurology

Citation: Chang JW et al. Repetitive focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening reduces amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2025.

Your blood can now detect Alzheimer's 7 years before symptoms appear.

The FDA recently cleared a drug for clinical trials based on this technology.

For 20 years, diagnosing Alzheimer's meant either a lumbar puncture or a $5,000+ brain scan. 

Both have major problems:
- Spinal taps are invasive and most patients refuse them
- Brain scans require specialized facilities that most areas don't have
- Neither test is covered by insurance for early detection
- Results take weeks to process

The new blood test changes the entire equation:
- Detects protein fragments associated with brain cell death
- Works in people with only mild memory problems
- Costs under $500
- Results in 48 hours
- Can be done at any medical lab

A study from Washington University tested this on young patients not yet showing cognitive decline. The test identified amyloid plaques accurately enough to predict future dementia risk.

Why this matters:
We have treatments that work better in early disease stages

But we can't treat what we can't diagnose

60% of people with dementia in the US have no formal diagnosis

Primary care doctors need accessible diagnostic tools

The pharmaceutical company behind GL-II-73 just got FDA clearance for Phase 1 trials. 

They're using this blood test to identify participants who will actually benefit from the drug.

That's the real breakthrough. Not just detecting disease earlier, but matching the right patients to the right treatments.

Three practical changes coming:
- Annual cognitive screening at age 60+ becomes feasible
- Earlier intervention when treatments are most effective
- Better recruitment for clinical trials testing new therapies

I've spent 15 years frustrated by our inability to diagnose dementia early. The technology is finally catching up to what patients need.

⁉️ How would earlier diagnosis change your approach to brain health?
♻️ Repost if you think accessible testing will transform dementia care
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for updates on diagnostic innovation

Citations: Mielke et al. Recommendations for clinical implementation of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease.Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2024.
Damona Pharmaceuticals. FDA clearance of IND for Phase 1 clinical trial of DPX-101 (GL-II-73), a selective GABA-A α5 modulator for cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. 2024.

I teach residents to confidently diagnose dementia in 15 minutes.
No fancy tests. No referrals to specialists.

Just 3 assessments that primary care doctors can do in any clinic.

Most PCPs avoid dementia diagnosis because they think it requires neuropsychological testing or brain scans. But 60% of dementia goes undiagnosed, and specialists can't see that many patients.

Here's the system I developed after diagnosing over 1,000 cases:

Step 1: The pattern interview (5 minutes)
I ask the family these exact questions:
- What specific tasks can't they do anymore that they could do 2 years ago?
- Do they get lost in familiar places?
- Have they stopped managing their medications or finances?

The pattern tells you everything. Slow, steady decline over years? Likely Alzheimer's. Sudden changes with stepwise worsening? Vascular dementia.

Step 2: Computerized cognitive testing (8 minutes)
Digital tools give you:
- Objective scores across memory, attention, executive function
- Immediate results with normative data for age and education
- Reimbursable using CPT code 96132
- Can be administered by medical assistants

This replaces the 3+-hour neuropsych evaluation for most patients. Save the full testing for complex cases.

Step 3: Rule out reversible causes (2 minutes)
Check their chart for:
- Sleep apnea (causes 30-40% of cognitive complaints)
- B12 deficiency
- Thyroid disease
- Medication side effects

Fix these first. I've reversed maybe 5% of "dementia" diagnoses by treating sleep apnea alone.

What you don't need:
- Brain MRI unless atypical presentation
- Lumbar puncture unless suspecting rare dementia
- Referral to neurology for typical Alzheimer's or vascular dementia

What you do after diagnosis:
- Start acetylcholinesterase inhibitor if appropriate
- Create cognitive care plan (CPT 99483) - there are digital tools to automate this
- Connect to community resources
- Follow up in 3 months

The impact of early diagnosis is massive. Patients get years more of independence. Families have time to plan. Treatment works better.

And primary care doctors can provide this. The system makes it straightforward.

⁉️ What's stopping you from diagnosing dementia in your practice?
♻️ Repost if you think PCPs should lead dementia diagnosis
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for practical neurology systems

Scientists just reversed Alzheimer's in mice using nanoparticles.

Not by delivering drugs. The nanoparticles themselves were the treatment.

Here's what happened:
Researchers designed bioactive nanoparticles that target the blood-brain barrier. Instead of carrying medication, the nanoparticles directly triggered the brain's natural cleaning system.

The results:
Restored blood-brain barrier function
Cleared toxic amyloid-beta proteins naturally
Reversed memory loss in treated mice
No drug side effects

Why the blood-brain barrier matters:
Your brain has one billion capillaries. Each neuron has its own blood supply. This vascular network delivers 20% of your body's energy to your brain.

When this system breaks down, toxic proteins accumulate. The brain can't clean itself properly.

Traditional Alzheimer's drugs try to break through the barrier to deliver medication. This approach repairs the barrier instead.

The paradigm shift:
Instead of treating Alzheimer's as a protein problem, treat it as a vascular problem. Fix the blood vessels, and the brain can clean itself.

This aligns with what we're seeing clinically. Vascular health and dementia are deeply connected:
Hypertension increases dementia risk by 60%
Diabetes doubles Alzheimer's risk
Good cardiovascular health dramatically reduces dementia incidence

Three implications for the future:
- Nanotechnology could deliver treatments non-invasively
- Repairing vascular function may help multiple types of dementia
- Prevention focused on vascular health becomes even more critical

The timeline:
This is mouse research. Human trials are years away. But the concept is sound: repair the brain's infrastructure, don't just attack the proteins.

I've watched billions go into amyloid-targeting drugs with minimal success. Shifting focus to the vascular system makes biological sense.

Your brain's blood vessels matter as much as the neurons they feed.

⁉️ How much do you think about brain vascular health versus brain health?
♻️ Repost if this changes how you think about dementia prevention
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for breakthroughs in neuroscience

Citations: Chen J et al. Rapid amyloid-beta clearance through multivalent modulation of blood-brain barrier transport. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2025.

60% of people with dementia never get diagnosed.

Not because we can't detect it. Because doctors don't have time to look. And data isn't always presented the right way for our brains to process.

Researchers just solved this with AI that requires zero physician time.
31% increase in new dementia diagnoses. Completely automated.

Here's how it works:
1. The AI reads medical records passively
↳ Analyzes physician notes from routine visits
↳ Looks for linguistic patterns in documentation
↳ Identifies cognitive concerns buried in charts
↳ Flags patients who need formal assessment

2. Combined with a 10-question patient survey
↳ Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS)
↳ Completed by family members in waiting room
↳ Takes 2 minutes
↳ Captures functional decline doctors miss

3. Why this can change things
↳ No additional clinician time required
↳ No expensive testing needed for screening
↳ Works within existing electronic health records
↳ Open source - any health system can use it

4. The results from 5,000 patients
↳ 31% more dementia cases identified
↳ 41% increase in follow-up diagnostic testing
↳ Earlier detection means earlier intervention
↳ No false positives overwhelming the system

5. Why we've missed so many diagnoses
↳ 15-minute primary care visits
↳ Patients come in for other problems
↳ Cognitive screening feels like extra work
↳ Stigma prevents patients from volunteering concerns

I've seen this pattern for 15 years.

Families tell me "something's been wrong for 3 years" but the other providers they've seen don't have the time or training to address it.

This AI doesn't replace doctors. It gives them a heads-up.

"This patient's chart and family survey suggest cognitive decline. Consider formal assessment."

The tool is free. Developed at Regenstrief Institute over 10 years. Open source.

Any healthcare system with an EHR can implement it.

The technology to diagnose dementia early exists.

We're just not using it at scale.

This could change that.

💬 Would you want your doctor's EHR screening for dementia automatically?
♻️ Repost if you believe AI should augment diagnosis, not replace it
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for practical applications of health tech that actually help patients

Citation: Boustani MA, et al. Digital Detection of Dementia in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025.

Your Fitbit says you slept 8 hours last night.
Your brain says otherwise.

I've seen this pattern in hundreds of dementia patients. They think they're sleeping fine because they're in bed for 8 hours.

But their brains are starving for the sleep that matters.

New research shows it's not how long you sleep.

It's how deeply you sleep.

Specifically: deep sleep and REM sleep protect against Alzheimer's.
Lack of these stages shrinks the exact brain region that Alzheimer's attacks first.

Here's what you need to know:
1. Sleep has stages for a reason
↳ Deep sleep clears toxic proteins from your brain
↳ REM sleep supports memory consolidation
↳ Both activate the brain's glymphatic cleaning system
↳ Light sleep doesn't do any of this

2. Midlife sleep quality predicts late-life dementia
↳ Poor deep sleep in your 40s-50s matters
↳ Brain shrinkage starts decades before symptoms
↳ By the time memory fails, it's often too late
↳ Sleep is when your brain takes out the trash

3. The Fitbit (and other consumer devices) lie
↳ sleep quality measurements are surprisingly inaccurate
↳ Sleep apnea destroys deep sleep
↳ Alcohol ruins REM sleep
↳ You can be in bed 9 hours and get 20 minutes of deep sleep

4. How to know if you're getting quality sleep
↳ Do you wake up refreshed or groggy?
↳ Do you need caffeine to function?
↳ Does your partner say you snore or stop breathing?
↳ Consider a sleep study if any answer concerns you

5. What destroys deep sleep and REM
↳ Sleep apnea (most common and most missed)
↳ Alcohol before bed
↳ Inconsistent sleep schedule
↳ Chronic stress and poor sleep hygiene

The cruel irony?

Most people with sleep apnea don't know they have it.

Their Fitbit says 8 hours. They think they're fine.

Meanwhile their brain is being bathed in toxic proteins all night.

I screen every dementia patient for sleep disorders.

At least 40% have undiagnosed sleep apnea.

Treating it doesn't cure their dementia. But it often slows the decline.

Your brain needs deep sleep and REM sleep to survive.

Not just sleep. Quality sleep.

Eight hours of garbage sleep is worse than 6 hours of quality sleep.

Stop tracking hours. Start tracking quality. Talk to your provider about a sleep study.

💬 Have you ever had a sleep study? What did you learn?
♻️ Repost if you believe sleep quality matters more than sleep quantity
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for brain health insights your doctor isn't telling you

Citations: Cho, G. et al. (2025). Lower slow‐wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep are associated with brain atrophy of Alzheimer’s disease‐vulnerable regions. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

25% of people carry the APOE4 gene.

It triples your Alzheimer's risk.

Scientists just started injecting people with a different gene to override it.

Human trials began April 2025. This is gene therapy for dementia prevention.

Here's what's happening:
1. APOE4 is the biggest genetic risk factor
↳ One copy (APOE ε4): 3x higher Alzheimer's risk
↳ Two copies: 8-12x higher risk
↳ 25% of population carries at least one copy
↳ 2-3% have two copies

2. APOE2 does the opposite
↳ Naturally protective against Alzheimer's
↳ People with APOE2 develop dementia later or never
↳ Reduces amyloid buildup
↳ Decreases inflammation

3. The gene therapy strategy is elegant
↳ Inject a virus carrying APOE2 gene
↳ Brain cells start producing protective protein
↳ Overrides the APOE4 damage
↳ One-time treatment, potentially lifelong benefit

4. Mouse studies showed remarkable results
↳ Reduced amyloid deposits
↳ Improved neuroinflammation markers
↳ Prevented neurodegeneration
↳ Restored cognitive function

5. The human trial details
↳ Targeting people with two APOE4 copies
↳ Must have mild cognitive impairment or early dementia
↳ Built on 10+ years of NIH-funded research
↳ Results will guide broader prevention trials

This isn't science fiction. It's happening now.

We're testing whether we can rewrite your genetic destiny for Alzheimer's.

The ethics are complex. Who gets tested? At what age? What do you do with the information if treatment isn't available yet?

But for people who already know they're APOE4 positive with symptoms, this offers hope.

Your genes are not your fate.

We might be able to change them.

The question isn't whether gene therapy will work for Alzheimer's.

It's when.

💬 Would you want to know your APOE status? What would you do differently?
♻️ Repost if you believe genetic risk should drive prevention, not resignation
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for cutting-edge neuroscience that's moving from mice to humans

Citation: National Institute on Aging. 2025 NIH Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Research Progress Report. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.

Mrs. Chen kept forgetting to turn off the stove.

Her daughter was convinced it was Alzheimer's disease.

It wasn't.

This case taught me why the type of memory problem matters more than the severity.

Mrs. Chen, 68, came to my memory clinic after her third kitchen incident. Her daughter was terrified she'd burn down the house.

The standard screening test showed mild cognitive impairment. Her primary doctor had already started her on donepezil.

But something didn't fit.

I asked her daughter to describe a typical day:
- She remembered to take all her medications perfectly
- She managed complex recipes without notes
- She could navigate anywhere in the city
- She balanced her checkbook accurately

But she forgot:
- To turn off the stove after cooking
- To close the garage door
- To lock the front door at night

This pattern told me everything.

Alzheimer's destroys memory formation. Patients can't create new memories. They forget conversations that happened 5 minutes ago.

Mrs. Chen's problem wasn't as much memory. It was more attention and executive function.

She could remember. She just couldn't track multiple steps in real-time tasks. And she was easily overwhelmed when too many things were going on at once.

This ended up being more frontal lobe dysfunction, less likely due to Alzheimer's disease (we do see executive predominant Alzheimer's regularly but this was a bit different).

The diagnosis: mild cognitive impairment with primary executive dysfunction. Likely early frontotemporal dementia.

Brain MRI in her case was supportive (more frontal pathology and fewer changes in the medial temporal lobes and medial parietal lobes). If it was executive predominant Alzheimer's I would have expected more pathology especially in the parietal lobe.

Why this matters:
Different dementias need different approaches

Alzheimer's medications don't always help frontotemporal dementia (and can make behavior worse)

Her prognosis and care plan completely changed

What we did:
- Stopped the donepezil (potentially contributing to more impulsive behavior)
- Set up automatic stove shut-off timer
- Created checklist system for daily routines
- Connected her with FTD support groups
- implemented full cognitive care plan

6 months later, she's doing well. The safety systems work. Her daughter understands this isn't Alzheimer's and what to expect.

The lesson I teach residents:
Listen to the pattern of what's preserved versus lost. Memory problems alone don't tell you much. The pattern of cognitive changes reveals the diagnosis.

Ask families:
What can they still do perfectly?
What have they completely lost?
How did it progress?

These answers matter more than any score on a screening test.

Pattern recognition beats screening scores every time.

⁉️ Have you seen cases where the initial diagnosis was wrong?
♻️ Repost if you think detailed history beats screening tests
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for clinical neurology insights

Jennie Chin Hansen

Memory loss isn't inevitable.

Scientists were able to reverse it in aging rats.

They found the molecular switch that turns memory back on.

Here's the breakthrough:
1. Memory decline has a specific cause
↳ K63 polyubiquitination goes haywire with age
↳ This process tells proteins how to behave in brain cells
↳ When it malfunctions, neurons can't communicate
↳ Memory formation stops working properly

2. They identified the exact molecular change
↳ DNA methylation increases on IGF2 gene
↳ This silences a protein critical for memory
↳ Happens specifically in the hippocampus
↳ More than a third of people over 70 affected

3. The reversal was dramatic
↳ Adjusted the molecular tagging system
↳ Restored normal protein function
↳ Memory performance returned to young levels
↳ Brain cell damage reversed

4. Why this is different from Alzheimer's drugs
↳ Targets normal aging memory loss
↳ Not disease-specific pathology
↳ Could prevent progression to dementia
↳ Addresses root cause, not symptoms

5. What makes this clinically relevant
↳ Memory decline is the biggest Alzheimer's risk factor
↳ Affects more than a third of people over 70
↳ If we can reverse age-related decline, we might prevent disease
↳ Treatment window is decades before dementia

The lead researcher said something important:

"If we can understand what's driving memory decline at the molecular level, we can start to understand what goes wrong in dementia."

This isn't just about remembering where you left your keys.

It's about keeping your brain young enough that Alzheimer's never takes hold.

The molecular mechanisms of memory aren't mysterious anymore.

We can see them. Measure them. Change them.

Your 70-year-old brain could function like your 40-year-old brain.

Not through supplements or brain games.

Through precise molecular interventions that restore what aging broke.

💬 Would you take a treatment to reverse age-related memory decline?
♻️ Repost if you believe aging memory loss can be treated, not just accepted
👉 Follow me (Reza Hosseini Ghomi, MD, MSE) for neuroscience breakthroughs that could reach clinics within 5 years

Citation: Bae Y, et al. Age-related dysregulation of proteasome-independent K63 polyubiquitination in the hippocampus and amygdala. Neuroscience. 2025.
Kincaid S, et al. Increased DNA methylation of Igf2 in the male hippocampus regulates age-related deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory. Brain Res Bull. 2025.

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